Biodiesel Production from High Free Fatty Acid Feed Stocks through Transesterification
نویسندگان
چکیده
Transesterification is one of the most popular methods to decrease the viscosity of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel. It is the reaction of vegetable oil/ fats with an alcohol to give fatty acid alkyl esters in the presence of a catalyst with glycerol as by product. A catalyst is used to increase the rate of reaction and yield. The reaction is very much affected by the free fatty acids content in the feedstock. This paper discusses the appropriate method to produce biodiesel from the high High Free Fatty Acid (FFA) feed-stocks.
منابع مشابه
High temperature solid-catalized transesterification for biodiesel production
Biodiesel has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. Biodiesel is a mixture of monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stock like vegetable oils and animal fats, mainly made of fatty acid glycerides. It is produced by transesterification processes in which oil or fat are reacted ...
متن کاملA Two-step Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil
Waste cooking oil (WCO) was used as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. High levels of free fatty acids (9.85% w/w) in WCO made it an undesirable substrate for direct transesterification reaction. To solve this issue, a two-step process was implemented in this research. Firstly, esterification reaction was performed in presence of sulfuric acid as a common acid catalyst to reduce th...
متن کاملLipid Extraction and Transesterification in Microalgae for Biodiesel Production: A Comprehensive Review
Microalgae have been receiving worldwide attention as promising feedstock for production of carbon neutral biodiesel. As an alternative fuel, biodiesel is very imperative for the sustainable development of mankind. Biodiesel production process is generally carried out through upstream and downstream processing to generate cellular biomass, extracted oil and finally transesterification reaction....
متن کاملPhysico-Chemical Properties of the Biodiesel Extracted From Rubber Seed Oil Using Solid Metal Oxide Catalysts
Physicochemical properties of the commercially procured rubber seed oil (RSO) were studied to evaluate its potential as viable feedstock for biodiesel production. The procured rubber seed oil were characterized for acid value, saponification value, free fatty acid, flash point, kinematic viscosity, and refractive indices using standard methods. Results indicate that the procured rubber seed oil...
متن کاملBiodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Sulfuric Acid and Microwave Irradiation Processes
A comparative study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using sulfuric acid (Two-step) and microwaveassisted transesterification (One-step) was carried out. A two-step transesterification process was used to produce biodiesel (alkyl ester) from high free fatty acid (FFA) waste cooking oil. Microwave-assisted catalytic transesterification using BaO and KOH was evaluated for the effica...
متن کامل